上海市复旦实验学校《师生同源发展》教师实验体会
师生同源发展
——中学英语语感阅读法的实践初探
杨立晴
2008年1月,我校作为实验学校,参与了北京外国语大学外语教育研究中心的国家级课题“中国基础英语素质教育的途径与方法”。我们听了专家的辅导报告,学习了该课题前期成功的个案研究成果。寒假前,根据期末英语考试成绩和学生自荐相结合的原则,组建了初一年级“英语阅读兴趣小组”,共44名学生。由杨立晴和蒋忆红老师担任每周2课时的教学工作。我们给学生和家长专门开会,明确阅读要求,布置寒假阅读作业,希望家长督促与如实记录学生每天阅读时间登记表。教师们则利用寒假认真地研究了该课题组提供的阅读材料“企鹅英语简易读物精选”,精心地撰写了教案与实施方案。开学后,“英语阅读兴趣小组”坚持每周二下午2:10---3:45正常活动。在学生回家按要求熟读“企鹅英语简易读物精选”的指定书目的基础上,“兴趣小组”的教学活动开展得有声有色,教学方式丰富多彩,为学生创设了大量的英语学习的实践活动,为学生学习英语的可持续发展提供了无限的空间。“师生同源发展“的良性学习环境,不仅统一了教师引领与学生阅读主体相一致的目标,而且构建了新型的共同发展的师生关系。英语阅读不仅成为教师探究的课题,学生学习的材料,而且成为教师和学生共同进行二次开发的“同源之水”,成为师生合作双赢的载体。
一个有意义的教学过程,应该是师生共同构建知识的过程。在实验初期,我们发现多数学生学习英语比较勤奋,但需要英语表达时却又缺乏自信,害怕发音不准,害怕语法错误,这些都阻碍了他们的发展。于是,我们在课堂上为他们提供了更多的自主权,更多的说话机会,更多的实践机会,并认真倾听和尊重学生,通过多维的评价和真诚的互动,让他们敢于用英语表达自己的想法与感受。“真教育是心心相印的活动”。在教学实践中,我们与学生一起收集素材,根据阅读材料,让学生大胆地开展一系列的英语写作练习——“给你喜爱的角色写封信”,续编故事,改写成课本剧等等,并让他们自由组队,分工合作,自编,自导,自演,自评,举行汇报演出,由学校摄制成光盘,人手一份,再进行互评。教师则负责适时地指导与协调工作。其中,最出彩的是“同剧异构”的环节,即同一本阅读材料,不同的小组在改编时,赋予了不同的构思。我们尊重学生的每一种想法,积极引导他们在阅读的每个环节中,都能有自己的思维“火花”。
美国课程学者Doll曾经形象而深刻地指出:在教学过程中存在着一种”酶(ferment )”,它能实现某种转换,促使课程达成.我们认为,在教学过程中的师生双方积极的投入与互动就是这种”酶(ferment )”。师生互动是英语阅读教学过程中的一种基本动力。我们的具体做法如下:
1.对于贴近学生生活实际的阅读材料(例:A New Zealand Adventure ),我们采用师生对话形式展开教学.课堂教学在对话中有序的推进,营造了自然的语言环境。我们鼓励小组讨论,创设特定的语境,让学生表达自己的观点。一旦他们遇到感兴趣的话题,便有不可抑制的发表观点的热情,我们就成为了一个倾听者,同时,在适当的时候,指出一些表达错误,实施“对话讨论式”教学。这是师生互动的基础,在一种师生平等的民主气氛中共同讨论大家感兴趣的话题,通过对话交流,促进师生间的合作。对话产生交流,交流产生合作,合作产生成效,更好地完成了阅读任务。从“阅读”到“对话”,不仅从知识信息上形成“互惠互补”,而且,使材料变成了有生命力的语言。在这一过程中,我们是引导者。
2.对于人物传记类阅读材料,我们把课堂搬到电子阅览室。按照小组,边上网查询资料,边讨论英语解说词,而我们则是他们共同的组员,帮助解答疑问和修正他们的Introduction。我们要求各小组将收集的资料和讨论的内容制成Power Point.在下节课,请学生以多媒体的形式展示他们的资料整合工作.按事先分工:有的操作电脑,有的负责主讲,还有组员负责补充及回答其他小组成员的提问.在这个展示平台上,学生们井然有序地充分激发了自身的潜能。学生成了生动活泼的学习主人。在互动的教学策略的实施过程中,英语阅读学习是一个和谐与快乐的过程,互动的课堂充满青春的学习热情。
以下是部分学生创作或改编的英语小品。
Julia Roberts
编剧:侍江赟、柳贝妮 (2010届学生)
侍江赟·Julia Roberts
Chapter One:(柳贝妮·Julia’s mum)
Julia: Mummy Mummy , where’s my daddy? How can I find him?
Mum: Oh , why are you crying?
Julia:How can I find my daddy?
Mum: He has left us. I’ll give you a toy. Do you like it?
Julia: Thanks, mummy
Chapter Two: (施思·旁白 蔡乐天·Eric)
Narrator:In 1986, Eric helped Julia move to another city.
Julia: (Telephone) Hello.
Eric: Hello, Julia. Recently I have a new movie. Are you interested in it?
Julia: Yes!!! I’m interested in it! What’s that about?
Eric: I’m the director of this movie.
Julia: Is it BLOOD RED?
Eric:Yes. I’ll call you soon.
Julia: OK, I’ll wait for you! Bye.
Chapter Three:(施思·旁白 沈凯逸·Liam 柳贝妮·Julia’s mum)
Nattator:BLOOD RED is the first movie with Julia Roberts. It makes a lot of money. The next year, Julia met her first boyfriend,Liam.
Julia: Mum , I’m here. Please open the door!
Mum:(open the door).Oh , my honey.(to Liam)Nice to meet you.
Liam: Nice to meet you, too, Auntie.
Mum: Come in, please.
(In the house)
Julia: Recently Liam has a good job in California. We want to move there. What’s your opinion, Mum?
Mum: You’re 21 years old already. You can decide it by yourself.
Julia and Liam : That’s great!
Chapter Four:(施思·旁白 刘潇儒·Lovett 柳贝妮·证婚人)
Narrator:Julia and Liam cannot be together for a long time. But finally, she found her real love, Lovett. In 1996, they got married. On their wedding day……
Lovett: Julia ,you look so beautiful today .
Julia(shy): You are very handsome, too.
Julia, do you want to marry Lovett?
Yes.
Lovett, do you want to marry Lovett?
Yes.
Lovett gave the ring to Julia, they smiled ,all the people smiled.
From then on , Julia lived a happy life.
点评:这是学生根据“Julia Roberts”的阅读材料而创作的同名英语小品(片段)。创作英语小品是一种“活动”的教学——“活” ,即通过学生把英语语言文字变成有声有色的、能用来表达思想感情的交际工具,把阅读教材转化成情景对白,学生有话想说,有话会说;“动”,即让学生都动起来,让他们身体的各个部位都动起来,并配合语言去表达他们的思想感情。这样的英语学习过程就成了交际过程。我们从组织教学活动入手,创造环境使学生有机会大量地进行语言实践。学生选取了“Julia Roberts”成长过程中的四个小片段,赋予一定的想象与创新,“身临其境”地体验了用英语思考,表达,交流的全过程。
I'm Right!
编剧:谢宇静 (2010届学生)
NARRATOR 夏雨薇 TICKET INSPECTOR 夏雨薇
MEN 王瑾,谢宇静 NORMA SHORT 王旻敏
WOMAN 王旻敏 COLIN SHORT 谢宇静
NARRATOR: We are on a train, and here comes the ticket inspector.
INSPECTOR: Tickets, please. Your tickets, please.
MAN 1: Here you are.
INSPECTOR: Thank you, sir. Eh, who’s smoking? Eh. Don’t smoke on the train, sir.
MAN 2: I’m sorry.
INSPECTOR: Your ticket, please.
MAN 2: Here you are.
INSPECTOR: Hey, your ticket, madam.
WOMAN: Oh, yes. Here you are.
INSPECTOR: Thank you, madam. Tickets, please.
NORMA: Colin! The tickets!
COLIN: You’ve got them, Norma. They’re in your bag.
NORMA: No, they’re not. You’ve got them.
COLIN: No, my love. I’m sorry, but you’re wrong.
NORMA: Colin, I’m never wrong. I have not got the tickets. Look—they’re not in my bag.
(To the ticket inspector)I’m sorry, Inspector.
INSPECTOR: Have you got the tickets, sir?
NORMA: Yes, he has. Look in your coat, Colin. (He looks.) Not here. You ’re looking in the wrong place.
COLIN: Here, then. Oh! What are these?
NORMA: Train tickets! I am right!
COLIN: No. Norma, you are wrong. These are old tickets. They’re for the wrong day.
NORMA: Oh! But Colin, you have got our train tickets. Look again.
COLIN: Why? I haven’t got the tick…Oh!
NORMA: What are they?
COLIN: Eh, the train tickets.
NORMA: Ah! You see?
COLIN: I’m sorry, my love, You are right and I am wrong.
NORMA: (She smiles.) I am always right, Colin.
COLIN: Yes, Norma. Here you are, inspector.
INSPECTOR: Thank you, sir.
NORMA: We are going to a wedding, Inspector. We are going to my sister’s wedding, in Winchester. Those are two tickets to Winchester.
INSPECTOR: Yes, that’s right, madam. These are two tickets to Winchester.
COLIN: She is always right, inspector.
INSPECTOR: Not always, sir.
NORMA: What ?
INSPECTOR: This train doesn’t go to Winchester, madam. They are the right tickets, but you are on the wrong train.
NORMA: Oh, my god!
COLIN: Oh, Norma!
点评:这是一个关于发生在火车上的短篇故事,学生对于原有的剧本加以简单修改,融入更多的角色特点,使得整个剧本更有趣。人物角色活灵活现,剧本的表演展示受到一致好评。英语阅读一直是学生语言学习的重要环节之一,剧本的改写活动不仅仅是对于原文英语阅读的最好检验,更是提高学生写作能力的大胆尝试。
A Good Story
改编:荆雪苑 樊杨(2010届学生)
NARRATOR: 谢雨婕 MRS PRICE: 居玉婷 MRS ROBERTS: 樊杨
JOHN: 李晓骏 TRACY: 荆雪苑 MICHAEL: 刘潇儒
NARRTAOR We are in Mrs Price’s house. She is with Mrs Roberts. The two women are drinking tea. Mrs Price’s three children come into the room.
MRS PRICE (Reading THE ANALECTS) Um…Hi!
MRS ROBERTS (She smiles) Hello, John.
MRS PRICE And this is my daugter Tracy.
TRACY (Hugging a teddy bear) Hello~Mrs Roberts~~~My teddy is saying hi to you~~~~~~
MRS ROBERTS Hello Tracy. What a lovely teddy!
MRS PRICE MICHAEL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!And this is my son Michael. (She smiles) He’s NOT quiet.
MICHAEL (Playing PSP) Oh!Shoot!Shoot!Oh yes!!!Go!
MRS PRICE BE POLITE!!!
MICHAEL (Still playing PSP) Hello…Oh! NO!!! GAME IS OVER!
MRS ROBERTS Oh…hi!
MICHAEL (Throwing PSP away) Excuse me, Mrs Roberts - can you tell stories?
MRS ROBERTS Stories?
MICHAEL Yes. Good stories.
MRS ROBERTS No. No, I can’t.
MICHAEL I can tell GOOD stories.
MRS ROBERTS Can you? And you, John-what can you do?
JOHN I can paint.Look-this is my picture.
MRS ROBERTS Ah, yes. A town, with houses and building,
JOHN That’s a bank, and there’s a cinema.
MRS ROBERTS That’s right. I can see the bank and the cinema. Yes, I like your picture, John. You paint well.Can you paint, Tracy?
TRACY Yes~~~. This is my picture. Look~~~~~
MRS ROBERTS Yes, I see. A train raiding over the fields. That’s very good, too.
TRACY Thank you, Mrs Roberts~.Mommy~~~My teddy wants to play with me now, so we’re going back to my room. Bye bye, Mrs Roberts~~~~~
MRS ROBERTS Bye bye.
MICHAEL This is my picture, Mrs Roberts. Do you like it? Is it good?
MRS ROBERTS OH!!!
MRS PRICe What is your picture, Michael? I’m sorry, but I don’t understand it.
MRS ROBERTS And I don’t understand it, Michael.
MICHAEL It’s an animal – a thing.
MRS ROBERTS A thing???
MICHAEL Yes.
MRS ROBERTS But Michael, it’s got seven blue legs and three yellow eyes!!!
MICHAEL Yes, and it’s walking across your foot now. LOOK!
MRS ROBERTS WHAT!?!?!!!
NARRATOR Mrs Roberts stands up quickly. Her face is white.
MICHAEL Ha,ha! I can’t paint, Mrs Roberts, but I can tell a GOOD story!!!!!
A New Zealand Adventure (新西兰历险记)
改编:顾云帆 杨蔚丰 (2010届学生)
饰演:顾云帆 饰 Jessica 郑欣怡 饰 Sarah
刘潇儒 饰 Michael 李晓骏 饰 Driver
杨蔚丰 Narrator(旁白)
(Sarah and Jessica are going to New Zealand for a holiday. They are very exited. Jessica is near the window.)
J: Oh! Look! There’s Auckland! We’re here!
S: But we’re late. When’s our bus?
J: Let me think…at one o’clock. we can get a taxi from the airport to the bus station.
S: I think it’s a good idea.
(At the airport, the girls look for a taxi.)
J: Oh…taxi…taxi…Hey! Look! That boy’s waving to us!
M: Excuse me! Are you late? Do you want this taxi? I can wait.
J&S: Thank you very much!
S: To the bus station, please.
(The taxi stops at the bus station. Suddenly, Jessica sees a mobile phone on the taxi floor. Sarah looks at the mobile.)
J: Is that your mobile phone?
D: No, it’s the boy’s mobile.
J: Thank you.
S: Perhaps I can find his address. Yes! His name’s Michael. Tomorrow he’s at Ninety Mile Beach. We can give it to him there.
J: OK.
(At Ninety Mile Beach. They eat and watch the buses. The buses aren’t driving on a road-they are driving on the long beach.)
J: Look for Michael! Hey! He’s on that bus! Michael! Michael! Bus stops! Can we catch him?
S: I don’t know. I can’t see his bus now.
J: Me too.
(Suddenly, they hear a beep. Sarah looks at the mobile.)
S: There’s a message for Michael. (She reads the message.)It’s important. Perhaps we can find him tomorrow at the Sky Tower in Auckland.
J: Let’s go there tomorrow.
(At the Sky Tower, the girls can’t see Michael.)
J: The Sky Tower is beautiful.
S: He isn’t here. (A woman bungry jumps from the tower.)
S: Look! I can do that. Are you coming, Jessica?
J: No, I can’t. But I can watch you from here.
S: Please watch my bag, too.
J: OK.
(Sarah jumps. It is a very long jump. She comes down near the street and she sees Michael. Jessica sees him, too.)
J: Michael! Come back! We’ve got your mobile! (She doesn’t catch Michael) Where is Michael?
(A few minutes later, Michael comes back. But the girls are not there.)
M: Whose bag? Let me see. Oh, Sarah, she lost her bag. Where is she? I think I should go to the railway station.
(The girls are very unhappy. They can’t find Michael and they can’t find Sarah’s bag. They have no money now.)
J: Sorry. But I’ve got some money and we’ve got tickets for the Glow-worm Caves.
S: OK. Let’s go there tomorrow. Michael is going too. We can look for him there.
(The girls go on a boat into the dark cave. The lights from the glow-worms are very beautiful and it is very quiet. Suddenly, there is a beep from Michael’s mobile. The people in the boat are angry. They shouted: No mobiles!)
S: We’re very sorry. (She reads a new message for Michael.) Perhaps he is in Rotorua.
J: Rotorua is very beautiful. I like the hot water.
S: But I can’t see Michael.
J: Where is he tomorrow?
S: He’s in the South Island. The boat’s very expensive. Can we go?
J: I think we can’t. We have no money. We’d better go to the police station for help.
(When they get there, they see Michael.)
J: Hey! Michael! Come here!
S: This is your mobile phone and you’ve got messages from home.
M: Thank you. My father and mother are well, and they’ve got 100,000 from the lottery! They’re sending some money to me for my holiday. Now I can give you a surprise.
J: What surprise?
M: Look.
S: Oh, it’s my bag.
M: There, I found it in the Sky Tower. Do you want to eat some food?
J: Yes.
M: OK, let’s go.
Wedding Day
改编:顾文俊 严博翰(2010届学生)
NARRATOR MARY DAVID and his friend JOHN PAUL
NARRATOR David and his friends are football supporters,but David isn’t going to a football match with his friends today, because tomorrow is his wedding day. In the afternoon, his friends come to his house.
MARY Hello,David,How’s everything going now?
DAVID En..Hello. You see. I haven’t done anything now…I’m thinking about this evening’s football match! I really want to watch it , but I can’t leave home!
JOHN What a shame! It will must be very exciting!
DAVID Yeah, I know,but I can't watch it.
PAUL Hey man! Don’t worry about it! We’ll tell you the score between Rovers and United.
DAVID Oh, Thanks a lot!You can get ready to watch the football match now, don’t tempt me again!
MARY Okey!
JOHN We’ll go to watch the football match .
PAUL See you later.Bye!
NARRATOR The next day’s morning,at 8:00 a.m.
The doorbell is ringing……
DAVID Hello?This is David.
PAUL Hey! David!This is PAUL.I’m going to tell you yesterday’s score between Rovers and United!
DAVID Oh! That will be fine!Who won the football match?
PAUL Rovers beat United with the score 3:2 !!Unbelievable!
DAVID It must be very exciting!
PAUL Sure. I’ll go to visit you with Mary and John soon.See you later. Bye.
DAVID See you later.Bye.
NARRATOR At 14:00 p.m.David’s friends come to visit David.
The bell is ringing……
David is going to open the door.
MARRY Hello, David! Do you know which day today is?
DAVID Of course! Today is my wedding day.
JOHN Yeah.This is a bouquet of flowers for you!
DAVID Oh, thanks a lot, my friends!
PAUL Please open this present box, David.
DAVID What’s in it? Let me open it to have a look.
Wow! What a beautiful mirror and a football match’s photograph! I like it so much! Thank you,my friends!
MARY JOHN PAUL You’re welcome!Let us have a look at your new tuxedo!
DAVID This is my new tuxedo.
MARY Are you kidding????!!! How can you be married in this tuxedo?! It must be terrible!
JOHN I think so, too! How can you wear this terrible tuxedo!
PAUL I think you’re too nervous, David.
DAVID Perhaps I’m really very nervous…
MARY JOHN PAUL YOU ARE REALLY VERY VERY NERVOUS!!
DAVID Okey……I’m nervous(He says with a smile and everybody smiles at him)
Tinkers’ Island
改编: 陈里 徐心怡 (2010届学生)
Actors and Actresses:
Narrator:陈里 Jane(elder sister):周质宇
Jenny(younger sister):何琨 The thief:宋浩源
The policewoman、the captain o f the ship:徐心怡
Narrator: This is the Tinkers. They are Jane Tinker and Jenny Tinker. Jenny is 14 years old. She is Jane’s younger sister. They sell fruits in a market to get money.
Jane: Apple, apple! Big and red apple! (Have a bite on it.) En, it’s delicious, who wants it?
The thief: (Run quickly to Jane) This, give you! (Put a watch in her hand, then, run away.)
Narrator: Jane doesn’t know who he is, and she doesn’t know what is happening to her, either. Then, a policewoman comes to her.
The policewoman :( Look at the watch in Jane’s hand.) You’re coming with us.
Narrator:Jenny sees this, and she thinks:
(Jenny: I must save my sister---Jane)
Narrator: After a few days, Jenny knows Jane will be sent to Australia. She wants to get a job on the ship, which Jane stays in.
Jenny: ( Come to talk with the captain of the ship.) I want a job on the ship.
The captain of the ship: How old are you?
Jenny: I’m 14.
The captain of the ship:Ok,come with me.
Narrator: Jenny does some cleaning on the ship. One day, she finds Jane in a room.
Jenny: Jane, I’m Jenny, quickly, come with me.
Narrator: They get out of the ship and get in a small boat. Many hours later, they find an island.
Jenny: Look! A beautiful island! We can start our new life there! (Excited)
Narrator: On the island, they build a house by themselves.
(Jenny: This is our new house!)
Narrator: They give the island a name---Tinkers’ Island and live happily. But one day---
Jane: Ah! (Look pale.)
Jenny: What’s wrong with you? Oh! (She finds a snake beside Jane, and throws it away.) A snake hurt you, we must go home now. I will take good care of you.
Narrator:After a few days, Jane feels better. While they are playing on the beach, they hear a strange sound.
Jenny: What’s that?
Jane: I don’t know. Let me have a look. (Stand on her tiptoe and look at a distance.) Oh, that’s a big ship! We can go home, go home!
(Jane and Jenny wave to the big ship,and the people on it find them.)
Jenny: The ship is coming, Jane, let’s go! (Walk to the big ship with Jane.)
Narrator: After five minutes, Jane and Jenny are on the ship.
Jane: Goodbye, Tinkers’ Island! (A little sad)
Jenny: Bye-bye! (Look at Jane.) I believe our future will be wonderful.
Jane: I think so. (Looking at the beautiful sea and looking forward to their wonderful future.)
Cheese
编剧:王瑾 (2010届学生)
演员: Narrator——蒋珊珊, Mrs. Archer——夏雨薇, Mr. Smith——王瑾,
Mrs. Clark——谢宇静, Man——王斐,Mrs. Davis——王旻敏
Narrator:We are at Mr. Smith’s. Mr. Smith is talking to a woman.
Mrs. Archer:Six eggs please, Mr. Smith. Brown eggs.
Mr. Smith:Six brown eggs. Here you are, Mrs. Archer.
Narrator:Mrs. Archer gives Mr. Smith the money for the eggs.
Mr. Smith:Thank you. Goodbye.
Mrs. Archer:Goodbye.
Mrs. Clark:Hello, Mr. Smith.
Mr. Smith:Hello, Mrs. Clark. What can I do for you today?
Mrs. Clark:I want some coffee, please. Good coffee. I like strong coffee.
Mr. Smith:Good coffee. Have I got good, strong coffee?
Ah, yes. This is very strong coffee.
Mrs. Clark:Good!
Mr. Smith:Oh, wait, Mrs. Clark, you haven’t given me the money!
Mrs. Clark:I’m sorry. Here you are.
Narrator:Mrs. Clark goes, and a man comes into the shop.
Man:Good morning.
Mr. Smith:Oh, hello, sir. Your cheese, sir? You want your cheese?
Man:Yes, please.
Mr. Smith:You always buy cheese.
Man:Yes.
Mr. Smith:You like cheese?
Man:No, I don’t like it.
Mr. Smith:No? But I don’t understand, sir. You buy cheese from me every day.
Man:Yes. I buy it, but I don’t eat it.
Narrator:Mr. Smith puts the cheese in a bag. He gives the bag to the man and looks at him. The man smiles.
Man:I’m a photographer.
Mr. Smith:Oh, yes?
Man:Yes. Every day I take photographs of men, women and children. People like my photographs. They’re good. The people in them are always happy and smiling.
Mr. Smith:That’s good, sir.
Man:But the people aren’t smiling. They’re saying‘Cheese!’
Mr. Smith:Oh?
Man:Yes. People come to me for their photographs, and they’re nervous.
Mr. Smith:Oh?
Man:Yes. People come to me for their photographs, and they’re nervous.
Mr. Smith:Yes, I can understand that. I’m always nervous too.
Man:And nervous people don’t smile. But I put some cheese on a table and I say,‘What’s that?’ And what do they say? They say,‘Cheese!’ They say‘cheese ’and smile. They can’t say ‘cheese’ and not smile. You can’t say ‘cheese’ and not smile.
Mr. Smith:Cheese.
Man:I’m right. You’re smiling.
Mr. Smith:Oh, yes!
Man:Be happy, Mr. Smith. Smile at the people in your shop. People always like a smile. Say ‘cheese’ to them.
Mr. Smith:Yes, sir. Thank you.
Man:Goodbye.
Mr. Smith:Goodbye, sir. And thanks again.
Mrs. Davis:Good morning, Mr. Smith.
Mr. Smith:Cheese, Mrs. Davis.
Mrs. Davis:No, thank you. Six white eggs, please.
Mr. Smith:Yes, Mrs. Davis. Cheese.
Mrs. Davis:Yes, Mrs. Smith. Six white eggs……..
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